Specific gravity of water6/2/2023 ![]() Method “B” is used for plastic materials in the form of powder, flakes, or pellets. Method “A” is used for plastic specimens in the form of sheets, rods, tubes, or molded products. ![]() Two basic methods have been developed to determine the specific gravity of plastic materials, depending on their final geometrical form. Alfredo Campo, in Selection of Polymeric Materials, 2008 5.4.1 Test Procedures The specific gravity of solvent is important in the formulation because it influences the torque and horsepower of a mixer.Į. When metering by volume, temperature correction should always be used because solvent specific gravity changes substantially with temperature. A container of CFC with a specific gravity twice that of most solvents may be too heavy to handle. When switching the solvent types in storage tanks, one must determine the weight of a new solvent which can be accommodated in the tank. The specific gravity of solvent should be considered in the designs for storage systems and packaging. Solvents with a lower density are more economical to use because solvents are purchased by weight but many final products are sold by volume. The specific gravity of solvents affects their industrial use in several ways. The specific gravity of alcohols and ketones increases with increasing molecular weight whereas the specific gravity of esters and glycol ethers decreases as their molecular weight decreases. Two groups of solvents: halogenated solvents and polyhydric alcohols have a specific gravity greater than that of the water. When the solvent is selected for extraction it is easy to find one which will float on the surface of water. The specific gravity of most solvents is lower than that of water. GEORGE WYPYCH, in Handbook of Solvents (Third Edition), 2019 2.3.3 SPECIFIC GRAVITY However, the specific gravity does not exceed one until products such as asphalt are considered.ĮSTANISLAO SILLA. With an increasing number of carbons, the specific gravity of petroleum products increases. Petroleum products, in general, have a low specific gravity, and will float on water. It is possible that the particular location of a liquid within a mixture is of interest in a case. Specific gravity is an important concept to know when mixtures of immiscible liquids, such as gasoline and water, are present. Although there is a difference between specific gravity and density, for the most part the values are similar enough to be used interchangeably in most situations. ![]() However, if the specific gravity is expressed at different temperatures, it will no longer be equal to the density. When the specific gravity is defined based on water at 4☌, then the specific gravity is equal to the density of the liquid. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance. Note that (using appropriate units): Specific gravity of wood × Density of water = Solid wood density.Īlthough the two terms often are used interchangeably, there is a technical difference between specific gravity and density. The specific gravity of the cell wall material is 1.50. Balsa wood, used in model building, has a basic specific gravity of 0.16, whereas ironwood is 1.05. Softwoods have typical specific gravities of 0.35–0.50 g/cc on a green volume basis but can vary from 0.29 to 0.60 among North American commercial species hardwoods have typical specific gravities of 0.35–0.60 on a green volume basis but can vary from 0.30 to 0.90 among the North American commercial species. ![]() The basic specific gravity always uses the green volume. This is notable as wood shrinks about 8%–15% as it dries. The solid wood density may be determined using the green volume, the ovendry volume, or intermediate volumes. Specific gravity is the (unit less) ratio of the solid wood density to the density of water at the same temperature. Pratima Bajpai, in Biermann's Handbook of Pulp and Paper (Third Edition), 2018 Specific Gravity
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